Visualization and dashboarding are two related concepts that are used to communicate data to audiences & stakeholders in a way that is easy to understand.

The information-action value chain is a framework that helps organizations understand how information can be used to create value. It basically consists of three parts, namely before the methods, the methods and after the methods.

ETL and ELT are two data integration methodologies that are used to extract data from different sources, transform it into a consistent format, and load it into a data warehouse or data lake.

Data Warehouses are a central repository for data that has been merged from one or more diverse sources. Data warehouses are used to support BI activities like data mining, online analytical processing (OLAP), and business reporting.

OLAP systems typically store data in a multidimensional format, which allows users to slice and dice the data to see different relationships and trends.

Data Marts are a subset of a data warehouse that is tailored to the needs of a particular business unit or department. Data marts often contain data important to a specific business area, such as sales, marketing, or finance.

Descriptive Analytics helps us describe what things look like or what happened in the past. It can take forms of simple aggregations or cross tabulations data.

Data Lakes are a centralised repository of raw data & has the ability to store structured, semi-structured and unstructured data from various sources including databases, social media and sensors. Data lakes are frequently used to store data for future study, such as machine learning and AI.

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is a statistical method that helps you understand your data by summarizing its most important features.